Linux 上的自动备份

来自 PostgreSQL 维基
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这里有一些脚本，它们将分别备份集群中的所有数据库，可以选择只备份一组列表的模式。使用此脚本而不是 pg_dumpall 的原因是，您可能只想从备份中恢复单个数据库，而 pg_dumpall 将一个普通的 SQL 拷贝转储到一个文件中。这也提供了指定只想要哪个数据库的模式的选项。想法是在每晚的 cron 作业中运行这些脚本。

  • pg_backup.config - 主配置文件。这应该是唯一需要用户修改的文件。
  • pg_backup.sh - 正常的备份脚本，它将遍历每个数据库，并将备份的 gzip 和/或自定义格式拷贝保存到一个日期为基础的目录中。
  • pg_backup_rotated.sh - 与上面相同，但它将根据配置删除过期的备份。

pg_backup.config

##############################
## POSTGRESQL BACKUP CONFIG ##
##############################

# Optional system user to run backups as.  If the user the script is running as doesn't match this
# the script terminates.  Leave blank to skip check.
BACKUP_USER=

# Optional hostname to adhere to pg_hba policies.  Will default to "localhost" if none specified.
HOSTNAME=

# Optional username to connect to database as.  Will default to "postgres" if none specified.
USERNAME=

# This dir will be created if it doesn't exist.  This must be writable by the user the script is
# running as.
BACKUP_DIR=/home/backups/database/postgresql/

# List of strings to match against in database name, separated by space or comma, for which we only
# wish to keep a backup of the schema, not the data. Any database names which contain any of these
# values will be considered candidates. (e.g. "system_log" will match "dev_system_log_2010-01")
SCHEMA_ONLY_LIST=""

# Will produce a custom-format backup if set to "yes"
ENABLE_CUSTOM_BACKUPS=yes

# Will produce a gzipped plain-format backup if set to "yes"
ENABLE_PLAIN_BACKUPS=yes

# Will produce gzipped sql file containing the cluster globals, like users and passwords, if set to "yes"
ENABLE_GLOBALS_BACKUPS=yes


#### SETTINGS FOR ROTATED BACKUPS ####

# Which day to take the weekly backup from (1-7 = Monday-Sunday)
DAY_OF_WEEK_TO_KEEP=5

# Number of days to keep daily backups
DAYS_TO_KEEP=7

# How many weeks to keep weekly backups
WEEKS_TO_KEEP=5

######################################

pg_backup.sh

#!/bin/bash

###########################
####### LOAD CONFIG #######
###########################

while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
        case $1 in
                -c)
                        if [ -r "$2" ]; then
                                source "$2"
                                shift 2
                        else
                                ${ECHO} "Unreadable config file \"$2\"" 1>&2
                                exit 1
                        fi
                        ;;
                *)
                        ${ECHO} "Unknown Option \"$1\"" 1>&2
                        exit 2
                        ;;
        esac
done

if [ $# = 0 ]; then
        SCRIPTPATH=$(cd ${0%/*} && pwd -P)
        source $SCRIPTPATH/pg_backup.config
fi;

###########################
#### PRE-BACKUP CHECKS ####
###########################

# Make sure we're running as the required backup user
if [ "$BACKUP_USER" != "" -a "$(id -un)" != "$BACKUP_USER" ]; then
	echo "This script must be run as $BACKUP_USER. Exiting." 1>&2
	exit 1;
fi;


###########################
### INITIALISE DEFAULTS ###
###########################

if [ ! $HOSTNAME ]; then
	HOSTNAME="localhost"
fi;

if [ ! $USERNAME ]; then
	USERNAME="postgres"
fi;


###########################
#### START THE BACKUPS ####
###########################


FINAL_BACKUP_DIR=$BACKUP_DIR"`date +\%Y-\%m-\%d`/"

echo "Making backup directory in $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR"

if ! mkdir -p $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR; then
	echo "Cannot create backup directory in $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR. Go and fix it!" 1>&2
	exit 1;
fi;


#######################
### GLOBALS BACKUPS ###
#######################

echo -e "\n\nPerforming globals backup"
echo -e "--------------------------------------------\n"

if [ $ENABLE_GLOBALS_BACKUPS = "yes" ]
then
        echo "Globals backup"

        set -o pipefail
        if ! pg_dumpall -g -h "$HOSTNAME" -U "$USERNAME" | gzip > $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR"globals".sql.gz.in_progress; then
                echo "[!!ERROR!!] Failed to produce globals backup" 1>&2
        else
                mv $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR"globals".sql.gz.in_progress $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR"globals".sql.gz
        fi
        set +o pipefail
else
	echo "None"
fi


###########################
### SCHEMA-ONLY BACKUPS ###
###########################

for SCHEMA_ONLY_DB in ${SCHEMA_ONLY_LIST//,/ }
do
	SCHEMA_ONLY_CLAUSE="$SCHEMA_ONLY_CLAUSE or datname ~ '$SCHEMA_ONLY_DB'"
done

SCHEMA_ONLY_QUERY="select datname from pg_database where false $SCHEMA_ONLY_CLAUSE order by datname;"

echo -e "\n\nPerforming schema-only backups"
echo -e "--------------------------------------------\n"

SCHEMA_ONLY_DB_LIST=`psql -h "$HOSTNAME" -U "$USERNAME" -At -c "$SCHEMA_ONLY_QUERY" postgres`

echo -e "The following databases were matched for schema-only backup:\n${SCHEMA_ONLY_DB_LIST}\n"

for DATABASE in $SCHEMA_ONLY_DB_LIST
do
	echo "Schema-only backup of $DATABASE"

	set -o pipefail
	if ! pg_dump -Fp -s -h "$HOSTNAME" -U "$USERNAME" "$DATABASE" | gzip > $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR"$DATABASE"_SCHEMA.sql.gz.in_progress; then
		echo "[!!ERROR!!] Failed to backup database schema of $DATABASE" 1>&2
	else
		mv $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR"$DATABASE"_SCHEMA.sql.gz.in_progress $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR"$DATABASE"_SCHEMA.sql.gz
	fi
	set +o pipefail
done


###########################
###### FULL BACKUPS #######
###########################

for SCHEMA_ONLY_DB in ${SCHEMA_ONLY_LIST//,/ }
do
	EXCLUDE_SCHEMA_ONLY_CLAUSE="$EXCLUDE_SCHEMA_ONLY_CLAUSE and datname !~ '$SCHEMA_ONLY_DB'"
done

FULL_BACKUP_QUERY="select datname from pg_database where not datistemplate and datallowconn $EXCLUDE_SCHEMA_ONLY_CLAUSE order by datname;"

echo -e "\n\nPerforming full backups"
echo -e "--------------------------------------------\n"

for DATABASE in `psql -h "$HOSTNAME" -U "$USERNAME" -At -c "$FULL_BACKUP_QUERY" postgres`
do
	if [ $ENABLE_PLAIN_BACKUPS = "yes" ]
	then
		echo "Plain backup of $DATABASE"

		set -o pipefail
		if ! pg_dump -Fp -h "$HOSTNAME" -U "$USERNAME" "$DATABASE" | gzip > $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR"$DATABASE".sql.gz.in_progress; then
			echo "[!!ERROR!!] Failed to produce plain backup database $DATABASE" 1>&2
		else
			mv $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR"$DATABASE".sql.gz.in_progress $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR"$DATABASE".sql.gz
		fi
		set +o pipefail
	fi

	if [ $ENABLE_CUSTOM_BACKUPS = "yes" ]
	then
		echo "Custom backup of $DATABASE"

		if ! pg_dump -Fc -h "$HOSTNAME" -U "$USERNAME" "$DATABASE" -f $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR"$DATABASE".custom.in_progress; then
			echo "[!!ERROR!!] Failed to produce custom backup database $DATABASE" 1>&2
		else
			mv $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR"$DATABASE".custom.in_progress $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR"$DATABASE".custom
		fi
	fi

done

echo -e "\nAll database backups complete!"

pg_backup_rotated.sh

#!/bin/bash

###########################
####### LOAD CONFIG #######
###########################

while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
        case $1 in
                -c)
                        CONFIG_FILE_PATH="$2"
                        shift 2
                        ;;
                *)
                        ${ECHO} "Unknown Option \"$1\"" 1>&2
                        exit 2
                        ;;
        esac
done

if [ -z $CONFIG_FILE_PATH ] ; then
        SCRIPTPATH=$(cd ${0%/*} && pwd -P)
        CONFIG_FILE_PATH="${SCRIPTPATH}/pg_backup.config"
fi

if [ ! -r ${CONFIG_FILE_PATH} ] ; then
        echo "Could not load config file from ${CONFIG_FILE_PATH}" 1>&2
        exit 1
fi

source "${CONFIG_FILE_PATH}"

###########################
#### PRE-BACKUP CHECKS ####
###########################

# Make sure we're running as the required backup user
if [ "$BACKUP_USER" != "" -a "$(id -un)" != "$BACKUP_USER" ] ; then
	echo "This script must be run as $BACKUP_USER. Exiting." 1>&2
	exit 1
fi


###########################
### INITIALISE DEFAULTS ###
###########################

if [ ! $HOSTNAME ]; then
	HOSTNAME="localhost"
fi;

if [ ! $USERNAME ]; then
	USERNAME="postgres"
fi;


###########################
#### START THE BACKUPS ####
###########################

function perform_backups()
{
	SUFFIX=$1
	FINAL_BACKUP_DIR=$BACKUP_DIR"`date +\%Y-\%m-\%d`$SUFFIX/"

	echo "Making backup directory in $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR"

	if ! mkdir -p $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR; then
		echo "Cannot create backup directory in $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR. Go and fix it!" 1>&2
		exit 1;
	fi;
	
	#######################
	### GLOBALS BACKUPS ###
	#######################

	echo -e "\n\nPerforming globals backup"
	echo -e "--------------------------------------------\n"

	if [ $ENABLE_GLOBALS_BACKUPS = "yes" ]
	then
		    echo "Globals backup"

		    set -o pipefail
		    if ! pg_dumpall -g -h "$HOSTNAME" -U "$USERNAME" | gzip > $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR"globals".sql.gz.in_progress; then
		            echo "[!!ERROR!!] Failed to produce globals backup" 1>&2
		    else
		            mv $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR"globals".sql.gz.in_progress $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR"globals".sql.gz
		    fi
		    set +o pipefail
	else
		echo "None"
	fi


	###########################
	### SCHEMA-ONLY BACKUPS ###
	###########################
	
	for SCHEMA_ONLY_DB in ${SCHEMA_ONLY_LIST//,/ }
	do
	        SCHEMA_ONLY_CLAUSE="$SCHEMA_ONLY_CLAUSE or datname ~ '$SCHEMA_ONLY_DB'"
	done
	
	SCHEMA_ONLY_QUERY="select datname from pg_database where false $SCHEMA_ONLY_CLAUSE order by datname;"
	
	echo -e "\n\nPerforming schema-only backups"
	echo -e "--------------------------------------------\n"
	
	SCHEMA_ONLY_DB_LIST=`psql -h "$HOSTNAME" -U "$USERNAME" -At -c "$SCHEMA_ONLY_QUERY" postgres`
	
	echo -e "The following databases were matched for schema-only backup:\n${SCHEMA_ONLY_DB_LIST}\n"
	
	for DATABASE in $SCHEMA_ONLY_DB_LIST
	do
	        echo "Schema-only backup of $DATABASE"
		set -o pipefail
	        if ! pg_dump -Fp -s -h "$HOSTNAME" -U "$USERNAME" "$DATABASE" | gzip > $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR"$DATABASE"_SCHEMA.sql.gz.in_progress; then
	                echo "[!!ERROR!!] Failed to backup database schema of $DATABASE" 1>&2
	        else
	                mv $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR"$DATABASE"_SCHEMA.sql.gz.in_progress $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR"$DATABASE"_SCHEMA.sql.gz
	        fi
	        set +o pipefail
	done
	
	
	###########################
	###### FULL BACKUPS #######
	###########################

	for SCHEMA_ONLY_DB in ${SCHEMA_ONLY_LIST//,/ }
	do
		EXCLUDE_SCHEMA_ONLY_CLAUSE="$EXCLUDE_SCHEMA_ONLY_CLAUSE and datname !~ '$SCHEMA_ONLY_DB'"
	done

	FULL_BACKUP_QUERY="select datname from pg_database where not datistemplate and datallowconn $EXCLUDE_SCHEMA_ONLY_CLAUSE order by datname;"

	echo -e "\n\nPerforming full backups"
	echo -e "--------------------------------------------\n"

	for DATABASE in `psql -h "$HOSTNAME" -U "$USERNAME" -At -c "$FULL_BACKUP_QUERY" postgres`
	do
		if [ $ENABLE_PLAIN_BACKUPS = "yes" ]
		then
			echo "Plain backup of $DATABASE"
	 
			set -o pipefail
			if ! pg_dump -Fp -h "$HOSTNAME" -U "$USERNAME" "$DATABASE" | gzip > $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR"$DATABASE".sql.gz.in_progress; then
				echo "[!!ERROR!!] Failed to produce plain backup database $DATABASE" 1>&2
			else
				mv $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR"$DATABASE".sql.gz.in_progress $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR"$DATABASE".sql.gz
			fi
			set +o pipefail
                        
		fi

		if [ $ENABLE_CUSTOM_BACKUPS = "yes" ]
		then
			echo "Custom backup of $DATABASE"
	
			if ! pg_dump -Fc -h "$HOSTNAME" -U "$USERNAME" "$DATABASE" -f $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR"$DATABASE".custom.in_progress; then
				echo "[!!ERROR!!] Failed to produce custom backup database $DATABASE"
			else
				mv $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR"$DATABASE".custom.in_progress $FINAL_BACKUP_DIR"$DATABASE".custom
			fi
		fi

	done

	echo -e "\nAll database backups complete!"
}

# MONTHLY BACKUPS

DAY_OF_MONTH=`date +%d`

if [ $DAY_OF_MONTH -eq 1 ];
then
	# Delete all expired monthly directories
	find $BACKUP_DIR -maxdepth 1 -name "*-monthly" -exec rm -rf '{}' ';'
	        	
	perform_backups "-monthly"
	
	exit 0;
fi

# WEEKLY BACKUPS

DAY_OF_WEEK=`date +%u` #1-7 (Monday-Sunday)
EXPIRED_DAYS=`expr $((($WEEKS_TO_KEEP * 7) + 1))`

if [ $DAY_OF_WEEK = $DAY_OF_WEEK_TO_KEEP ];
then
	# Delete all expired weekly directories
	find $BACKUP_DIR -maxdepth 1 -mtime +$EXPIRED_DAYS -name "*-weekly" -exec rm -rf '{}' ';'
	        	
	perform_backups "-weekly"
	
	exit 0;
fi

# DAILY BACKUPS

# Delete daily backups 7 days old or more
find $BACKUP_DIR -maxdepth 1 -mtime +$DAYS_TO_KEEP -name "*-daily" -exec rm -rf '{}' ';'

perform_backups "-daily"
检索自 "https://wiki.postgresql.ac.cn/index.php?title=Automated_Backup_on_Linux&oldid=35218"